Moolenaar LR, Ali M, Aufenacker TJ, Beets GL, Bosker RJI, Buffart TE et al.
Lancet Gastrenterol Hepatol 2026; 11: 557-569.
Of 202 patients, 3-year locoregional recurrence was higher with chemoradiotherapy (5.0 versus 1.1 per cent) and non-inferiority was not confirmed (difference 3.9 per cent, one-sided P=0.16), though unsalvageable recurrence was low in both groups (1.3 versus 0.0 per cent) and 3-year overall survival was identical (98.9 per cent). Stoma rates at 3 years were markedly lower with chemoradiotherapy (2.6 versus 45.4 per cent, P<0.0001).
Comment: Non-inferiority was not met; however, chemoradiotherapy could be considered in select cases.
Comment by Jeongyoon (Jenny) Moon, MD
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