Ursodeoxycholic acid for the prevention of symptomatic gallstone disease after bariatric surgery (UPGRADE): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled superiority trial

In this trial that included 985 patients, ursodeoxycholic acid therapy did not reduce the risk of symptomatic gallstone disease: relative risk 0.67, 95 per cent confidence interval 0.43 to 1.04, P=0.071. The risk was reduced in patients without gallstones at baseline, compared to those who did.

Comment: It seems like treatment should be offered selectively.